How Nut Spreads are Typically Made
- Nut harvesting and shelling / hulling
- Nuts are harvested, then shelled (or hulled) to remove the hard outer shell / hull using mechanical crackers, rollers, blowers, destoners, magnets and sorting systems.
- For almonds and many tree nuts, the shell (or hull) is discarded (or used for low‑value byproducts like feed, bedding or bioenergy).
- Dry‑roasting (or sometimes blanching / peeling)
- Shelled nuts are typically dry‑roasted in large ovens (batch or continuous), which develops flavor, aroma and the characteristic “nutty” notes.
- For some nuts (especially peanuts) a blanching or peeling step follows to remove skins, for a smoother final paste.
- Cooling & quality sorting
- After roasting, nuts are cooled (to stabilize moisture & temperature) and sorted to remove defective or foreign kernels.
- Grinding / milling into paste
- Nuts are ground in industrial grinders / mills (colloid mills, stone mills, high‑shear grinders) to produce a paste — smooth (butter), crunchy (with some particle retention), or somewhere in between.
- This paste can then directly become “nut butter,” or can undergo further processing (emulsification, mixing with oils, stabilizers, sweeteners) to create spreads, chocolate‑nut creams, or confectionery fillings.
- Formulation (optional) — for spreads, chocolate creams, etc.
- Many commercial spreads add ingredients beyond pure nut paste: vegetable oils or fats (to stabilize, adjust consistency), emulsifiers, sweeteners (sugar, syrup), salt, stabilizers — especially if the product is a flavored chocolate‑nut spread or spread meant for shelf stability.
- This is especially common in widely sold spreads (e.g. chocolate‑hazelnut spreads) — to ensure texture, shelf life, spreadability, and low cost.
- Homogenization / Emulsification / Packaging
- For smooth texture and stable fat‑oil distribution, pastes are emulsified/homogenized, cooled and then filled into jars or containers.
- Quality control checks include verifying texture (smoothness or controlled crunchiness), absence of contaminants, compliance with food safety regulations (e.g. for aflatoxin in nuts, microbial standards, labeling standards).
